(* Copyright (c) 2008, Adam Chlipala
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * - The names of contributors may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *)

(* Simplify a Core program algebraically *)

structure Reduce :> REDUCE = struct

open Core

structure IM = IntBinaryMap

structure E = CoreEnv

fun multiLiftExpInExp n e =
    if n = 0 then
        e
    else
        multiLiftExpInExp (n - 1) (E.liftExpInExp 0 e)

datatype env_item =
         UnknownK
       | KnownK of kind

       | UnknownC
       | KnownC of con

       | UnknownE
       | KnownE of exp

       | Lift of int * int * int

type env = env_item list

fun ei2s ei =
    case ei of
        UnknownK => "UK"
      | KnownK _ => "KK"
      | UnknownC => "UC"
      | KnownC _ => "KC"
      | UnknownE => "UE"
      | KnownE _ => "KE"
      | Lift (_, n1, n2) => "(" ^ Int.toString n1 ^ ", " ^ Int.toString n2 ^ ")"

fun e2s env = String.concatWith " " (map ei2s env)

val deKnown = List.filter (fn KnownC _ => false
                            | KnownE _ => false
                            | KnownK _ => false
                            | _ => true)

fun kindConAndExp (namedC, namedE) =
    let
        fun kind env (all as (k, loc)) =
            case k of
                KType => all
              | KArrow (k1, k2) => (KArrow (kind env k1, kind env k2), loc)
              | KName => all
              | KRecord k => (KRecord (kind env k), loc)
              | KUnit => all
              | KTuple ks => (KTuple (map (kind env) ks), loc)

              | KRel n =>
                let
                    fun find (n', env, nudge, lift) =
                        case env of
                            [] => raise Fail "Reduce.kind: KRel"
                          | UnknownC :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, lift)
                          | KnownC _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, lift)
                          | UnknownE :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, lift)
                          | KnownE _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, lift)
                          | Lift (lift', _, _) :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge + lift', lift + lift')
                          | UnknownK :: rest =>
                            if n' = 0 then
                                (KRel (n + nudge), loc)
                            else
                                find (n' - 1, rest, nudge, lift + 1)
                          | KnownK k :: rest =>
                            if n' = 0 then
                                kind (Lift (lift, 0, 0) :: rest) k
                            else
                                find (n' - 1, rest, nudge - 1, lift)
                in
                    find (n, env, 0, 0)
                end
              | KFun (x, k) => (KFun (x, kind (UnknownK :: env) k), loc)

        fun con env (all as (c, loc)) =
            ((*Print.prefaces "con" [("c", CorePrint.p_con CoreEnv.empty all)];*)
            case c of
                TFun (c1, c2) => (TFun (con env c1, con env c2), loc)
              | TCFun (x, k, c2) => (TCFun (x, kind env k, con (UnknownC :: env) c2), loc)
              | TKFun (x, c2) => (TKFun (x, con (UnknownK :: env) c2), loc)
              | TRecord c => (TRecord (con env c), loc)

              | CRel n =>
                let
                    fun find (n', env, nudge, liftK, liftC) =
                        case env of
                            [] => raise Fail "Reduce.con: CRel"
                          | UnknownK :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK + 1, liftC)
                          | KnownK _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC)
                          | UnknownE :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC)
                          | KnownE _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC)
                          | Lift (liftK', liftC', _) :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge + liftC',
                                                                      liftK + liftK', liftC + liftC')
                          | UnknownC :: rest =>
                            if n' = 0 then
                                (CRel (n + nudge), loc)
                            else
                                find (n' - 1, rest, nudge, liftK, liftC + 1)
                          | KnownC c :: rest =>
                            if n' = 0 then
                                con (Lift (liftK, liftC, 0) :: rest) c
                            else
                                find (n' - 1, rest, nudge - 1, liftK, liftC)
                in
                    (*print (Int.toString n ^ ": " ^ e2s env ^ "\n");*)
                    find (n, env, 0, 0, 0)
                end
              | CNamed n =>
                (case IM.find (namedC, n) of
                     NONE => all
                   | SOME c => c)
              | CFfi _ => all
              | CApp (c1, c2) =>
                let
                    val c1 = con env c1
                    val c2 = con env c2
                in
                    case #1 c1 of
                        CAbs (_, _, b) =>
                        con (KnownC c2 :: deKnown env) b

                      | CApp ((CMap (dom, ran), _), f) =>
                        (case #1 c2 of
                             CRecord (_, []) => (CRecord (kind env ran, []), loc)
                           | CRecord (_, (x, c) :: rest) =>
                             con (deKnown env)
                                 (CConcat ((CRecord (ran, [(x, (CApp (f, c), loc))]), loc),
                                           (CApp (c1, (CRecord (kind env dom, rest), loc)), loc)), loc)
                           | _ => (CApp (c1, c2), loc))                           

                      | _ => (CApp (c1, c2), loc)
                end
              | CAbs (x, k, b) => (CAbs (x, kind env k, con (UnknownC :: env) b), loc)

              | CKApp (c1, k) =>
                let
                    val c1 = con env c1
                in
                    case #1 c1 of
                        CKAbs (_, b) =>
                        con (KnownK k :: deKnown env) b

                      | _ => (CKApp (c1, kind env k), loc)
                end
              | CKAbs (x, b) => (CKAbs (x, con (UnknownK :: env) b), loc)

              | CName _ => all

              | CRecord (k, xcs) => (CRecord (kind env k, map (fn (x, c) => (con env x, con env c)) xcs), loc)
              | CConcat (c1, c2) =>
                let
                    val c1 = con env c1
                    val c2 = con env c2
                in
                    case (#1 c1, #1 c2) of
                        (CRecord (k, xcs1), CRecord (_, xcs2)) =>
                        (CRecord (kind env k, xcs1 @ xcs2), loc)
                      | _ => (CConcat (c1, c2), loc)
                end
              | CMap (dom, ran) => (CMap (kind env dom, kind env ran), loc)

              | CUnit => all

              | CTuple cs => (CTuple (map (con env) cs), loc)
              | CProj (c, n) =>
                let
                    val c = con env c
                in
                    case #1 c of
                        CTuple cs => List.nth (cs, n - 1)
                      | _ => (CProj (c, n), loc)
                end)

        fun patCon pc =
            case pc of
                PConVar _ => pc
              | PConFfi {mod = m, datatyp, params, con = c, arg, kind} =>
                PConFfi {mod = m, datatyp = datatyp, params = params, con = c,
                         arg = Option.map (con (map (fn _ => UnknownC) params)) arg,
                         kind = kind}


        val k = (KType, ErrorMsg.dummySpan)
        fun doPart e (this as (x, t), rest) =
            ((x, (EField (e, x, {field = t, rest = (CRecord (k, rest), #2 t)}), #2 t), t),
             this :: rest)

        fun exp env (all as (e, loc)) =
            ((*Print.prefaces "exp" [("e", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty all),
                                   ("env", Print.PD.string (e2s env))];*)
            case e of
                EPrim _ => all
              | ERel n =>
                let
                    fun find (n', env, nudge, liftK, liftC, liftE) =
                        case env of
                            [] => raise Fail "Reduce.exp: ERel"
                          | UnknownK :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK + 1, liftC, liftE)
                          | KnownK _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC, liftE)
                          | UnknownC :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC + 1, liftE)
                          | KnownC _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC, liftE)
                          | Lift (liftK', liftC', liftE') :: rest =>
                            find (n', rest, nudge + liftE',
                                  liftK + liftK', liftC + liftC', liftE + liftE')
                          | UnknownE :: rest =>
                            if n' = 0 then
                                (ERel (n + nudge), loc)
                            else
                                find (n' - 1, rest, nudge, liftK, liftC, liftE + 1)
                          | KnownE e :: rest =>
                            if n' = 0 then
                                ((*print "SUBSTITUTING\n";*)
                                exp (Lift (liftK, liftC, liftE) :: rest) e)
                            else
                                find (n' - 1, rest, nudge - 1, liftK, liftC, liftE)
                in
                    (*print (Int.toString n ^ ": " ^ e2s env ^ "\n");*)
                    find (n, env, 0, 0, 0, 0)
                end
              | ENamed n =>
                (case IM.find (namedE, n) of
                     NONE => all
                   | SOME e => e)
              | ECon (dk, pc, cs, eo) => (ECon (dk, patCon pc,
                                                map (con env) cs, Option.map (exp env) eo), loc)
              | EFfi _ => all
              | EFfiApp (m, f, es) => (EFfiApp (m, f, map (exp env) es), loc)

              | EApp (
                (EApp
                     ((EApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((EFfi ("Basis", "bind"), loc), _), _), t1), _), t2), _),
                             _), _),
                      (EApp (
                       (EApp (
                        (ECApp (
                         (ECApp ((EFfi ("Basis", "return"), _), _), _),
                         _), _),
                        _), _), v), _)), _), trans2) => exp env (EApp (trans2, v), loc)

              (*| EApp (
                (EApp
                     ((EApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((EFfi ("Basis", "bind"), loc), _), _), t1), _), t2), _),
                             (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_monad"), _)), _),
                      (ECase (ed, pes, {disc, ...}), _)), _),
                trans2) =>
                let
                    val e' = (EFfi ("Basis", "bind"), loc)
                    val e' = (ECApp (e', (CFfi ("Basis", "transaction"), loc)), loc)
                    val e' = (ECApp (e', t1), loc)
                    val e' = (ECApp (e', t2), loc)
                    val e' = (EApp (e', (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_monad"), loc)), loc)

                    val pes = map (fn (p, e) =>
                                      let
                                          val e' = (EApp (e', e), loc)
                                          val e' = (EApp (e',
                                                          multiLiftExpInExp (E.patBindsN p)
                                                                            trans2), loc)
                                          val e' = exp env e'
                                      in
                                          (p, e')
                                      end) pes
                in
                    (ECase (exp env ed,
                            pes,
                            {disc = con env disc,
                             result = (CApp ((CFfi ("Basis", "transaction"), loc), con env t2), loc)}),
                     loc)
                end*)

              | EApp (
                (EApp
                     ((EApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((EFfi ("Basis", "bind"), loc), _), _), t1), _), t2), _),
                             (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_monad"), _)), _),
                      (EServerCall (n, es, ke, dom, ran), _)), _),
                trans2) =>
                let
                    val e' = (EFfi ("Basis", "bind"), loc)
                    val e' = (ECApp (e', (CFfi ("Basis", "transaction"), loc)), loc)
                    val e' = (ECApp (e', dom), loc)
                    val e' = (ECApp (e', t2), loc)
                    val e' = (EApp (e', (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_monad"), loc)), loc)
                    val e' = (EApp (e', (EApp (E.liftExpInExp 0 ke, (ERel 0, loc)), loc)), loc)
                    val e' = (EApp (e', E.liftExpInExp 0 trans2), loc)
                    val e' = (EAbs ("x", dom, t2, e'), loc)
                    val e' = (EServerCall (n, es, e', dom, t2), loc)
                in
                    exp env e'
                end

              | EApp (
                (EApp
                     ((EApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((EFfi ("Basis", "bind"), loc), _), _), _), _), t3), _),
                             (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_monad"), _)), _),
                      (EApp ((EApp
                                  ((EApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((EFfi ("Basis", "bind"), _), _), _), t1), _), t2), _),
                                          (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_monad"), _)), _),
                                   trans1), _), trans2), _)), _),
                trans3) =>
                let
                    val e'' = (EFfi ("Basis", "bind"), loc)
                    val e'' = (ECApp (e'', (CFfi ("Basis", "transaction"), loc)), loc)
                    val e'' = (ECApp (e'', t2), loc)
                    val e'' = (ECApp (e'', t3), loc)
                    val e'' = (EApp (e'', (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_monad"), loc)), loc)
                    val e'' = (EApp (e'', (EApp (E.liftExpInExp 0 trans2, (ERel 0, loc)), loc)), loc)
                    val e'' = (EApp (e'', E.liftExpInExp 0 trans3), loc)
                    val e'' = (EAbs ("x", t1, (CApp ((CFfi ("Basis", "transaction"), loc), t3), loc), e''), loc)

                    val e' = (EFfi ("Basis", "bind"), loc)
                    val e' = (ECApp (e', (CFfi ("Basis", "transaction"), loc)), loc)
                    val e' = (ECApp (e', t1), loc)
                    val e' = (ECApp (e', t3), loc)
                    val e' = (EApp (e', (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_monad"), loc)), loc)
                    val e' = (EApp (e', trans1), loc)
                    val e' = (EApp (e', e''), loc)
                in
                    exp env e'
                end

              | EApp (e1, e2) =>
                let
                    val e1 = exp env e1
                    val e2 = exp env e2
                in
                    case #1 e1 of
                        EAbs (_, _, _, b) => exp (KnownE e2 :: deKnown env) b
                      | _ => (EApp (e1, e2), loc)
                end

              | EAbs (x, dom, ran, e) => (EAbs (x, con env dom, con env ran, exp (UnknownE :: env) e), loc)

              | ECApp (e, c) =>
                let
                    val e = exp env e
                    val c = con env c
                in
                    case #1 e of
                        ECAbs (_, _, b) => exp (KnownC c :: deKnown env) b
                      | _ => (ECApp (e, c), loc)
                end

              | ECAbs (x, k, e) => (ECAbs (x, kind env k, exp (UnknownC :: env) e), loc)

              | EKApp (e, k) =>
                let
                    val e = exp env e
                in
                    case #1 e of
                        EKAbs (_, b) => exp (KnownK k :: deKnown env) b
                      | _ => (EKApp (e, kind env k), loc)
                end

              | EKAbs (x, e) => (EKAbs (x, exp (UnknownK :: env) e), loc)

              | ERecord xcs => (ERecord (map (fn (x, e, t) => (con env x, exp env e, con env t)) xcs), loc)
              | EField (e, c, {field, rest}) =>
                let
                    val e = exp env e
                    val c = con env c

                    fun default () = (EField (e, c, {field = con env field, rest = con env rest}), loc)
                in
                    case (#1 e, #1 c) of
                        (ERecord xcs, CName x) =>
                        (case List.find (fn ((CName x', _), _, _) => x' = x | _ => false) xcs of
                             NONE => default ()
                           | SOME (_, e, _) => e)
                      | _ => default ()
                end

              | EConcat (e1, c1, e2, c2) =>
                let
                    val e1 = exp env e1
                    val e2 = exp env e2
                in
                    case (#1 e1, #1 e2) of
                        (ERecord xes1, ERecord xes2) => (ERecord (xes1 @ xes2), loc)
                      | _ =>
                        let
                            val c1 = con env c1
                            val c2 = con env c2
                        in
                            case (#1 c1, #1 c2) of
                                (CRecord (k, xcs1), CRecord (_, xcs2)) =>
                                let
                                    val (xes1, rest) = ListUtil.foldlMap (doPart e1) [] xcs1
                                    val (xes2, _) = ListUtil.foldlMap (doPart e2) rest xcs2
                                in
                                    exp (deKnown env) (ERecord (xes1 @ xes2), loc)
                                end
                              | _ => (EConcat (e1, c1, e2, c2), loc)
                        end
                end

              | ECut (e, c, {field, rest}) =>
                let
                    val e = exp env e
                    val c = con env c

                    fun default () =
                        let
                            val rest = con env rest
                        in
                            case #1 rest of
                                CRecord (k, xcs) =>
                                let
                                    val (xes, _) = ListUtil.foldlMap (doPart e) [] xcs
                                in
                                    exp (deKnown env) (ERecord xes, loc)
                                end
                              | _ => (ECut (e, c, {field = con env field, rest = rest}), loc)
                        end
                in
                    case (#1 e, #1 c) of
                        (ERecord xes, CName x) =>
                        if List.all (fn ((CName _, _), _, _) => true | _ => false) xes then
                            (ERecord (List.filter (fn ((CName x', _), _, _) => x' <> x
                                                    | _ => raise Fail "Reduce: ECut") xes), loc)
                        else
                            default ()
                      | _ => default ()
                end

              | ECutMulti (e, c, {rest}) =>
                let
                    val e = exp env e
                    val c = con env c

                    fun default () =
                        let
                            val rest = con env rest
                        in
                            case #1 rest of
                                CRecord (k, xcs) =>
                                let
                                    val (xes, _) = ListUtil.foldlMap (doPart e) [] xcs
                                in
                                    exp (deKnown env) (ERecord xes, loc)
                                end
                              | _ => (ECutMulti (e, c, {rest = rest}), loc)
                        end
                in
                    case (#1 e, #1 c) of
                        (ERecord xes, CRecord (_, xcs)) =>
                        if List.all (fn ((CName _, _), _, _) => true | _ => false) xes
                           andalso List.all (fn ((CName _, _), _) => true | _ => false) xcs then
                            (ERecord (List.filter (fn ((CName x', _), _, _) =>
                                                      List.all (fn ((CName x, _), _) => x' <> x
                                                                 | _ => raise Fail "Reduce: ECutMulti [1]") xcs
                                                    | _ => raise Fail "Reduce: ECutMulti [2]") xes), loc)
                        else
                            default ()
                      | _ => default ()
                end

              | ECase (_, [((PRecord [], _), e)], _) => exp env e
              | ECase (_, [((PWild, _), e)], _) => exp env e

              | ECase (e, pes, {disc, result}) =>
                let
                    fun patBinds (p, _) =
                        case p of
                            PWild => 0
                          | PVar _ => 1
                          | PPrim _ => 0
                          | PCon (_, _, _, NONE) => 0
                          | PCon (_, _, _, SOME p) => patBinds p
                          | PRecord xpts => foldl (fn ((_, p, _), n) => n + patBinds p) 0 xpts

                    fun pat (all as (p, loc)) =
                        case p of
                            PWild => all
                          | PVar (x, t) => (PVar (x, con env t), loc)
                          | PPrim _ => all
                          | PCon (dk, pc, cs, po) =>
                            (PCon (dk, patCon pc, map (con env) cs, Option.map pat po), loc)
                          | PRecord xpts => (PRecord (map (fn (x, p, t) => (x, pat p, con env t)) xpts), loc)
                in
                    (ECase (exp env e,
                            map (fn (p, e) => (pat p,
                                               exp (List.tabulate (patBinds p, fn _ => UnknownE) @ env) e))
                                pes, {disc = con env disc, result = con env result}), loc)
                end

              | EWrite e => (EWrite (exp env e), loc)
              | EClosure (n, es) => (EClosure (n, map (exp env) es), loc)

              | ELet (x, t, e1, e2) => (ELet (x, con env t, exp env e1, exp (UnknownE :: env) e2), loc)

              | EServerCall (n, es, e, t1, t2) => (EServerCall (n, map (exp env) es, exp env e,
                                                                con env t1, con env t2), loc))
    in
        {kind = kind, con = con, exp = exp}
    end

fun kind namedC env k = #kind (kindConAndExp (namedC, IM.empty)) env k
fun con namedC env c = #con (kindConAndExp (namedC, IM.empty)) env c
fun exp (namedC, namedE) env e = #exp (kindConAndExp (namedC, namedE)) env e

fun reduce file =
    let
        fun doDecl (d as (_, loc), st as (namedC, namedE)) =
            case #1 d of
                DCon (x, n, k, c) =>
                let
                    val k = kind namedC [] k
                    val c = con namedC [] c
                in
                    ((DCon (x, n, k, c), loc),
                     (IM.insert (namedC, n, c), namedE))
                end
              | DDatatype dts =>
                ((DDatatype (map (fn (x, n, ps, cs) =>
                                     let
                                         val env = map (fn _ => UnknownC) ps
                                     in
                                         (x, n, ps, map (fn (x, n, co) => (x, n, Option.map (con namedC env) co)) cs)
                                     end) dts), loc),
                 st)
              | DVal (x, n, t, e, s) =>
                let
                    val t = con namedC [] t
                    val e = exp (namedC, namedE) [] e
                in
                    ((DVal (x, n, t, e, s), loc),
                     (namedC, IM.insert (namedE, n, e)))
                end
              | DValRec vis =>
                ((DValRec (map (fn (x, n, t, e, s) => (x, n, con namedC [] t, exp (namedC, namedE) [] e, s)) vis), loc),
                 st)
              | DExport _ => (d, st)
              | DTable (s, n, c, s', pe, pc, ce, cc) => ((DTable (s, n, con namedC [] c, s',
                                                                  exp (namedC, namedE) [] pe,
                                                                  con namedC [] pc,
                                                                  exp (namedC, namedE) [] ce,
                                                                  con namedC [] cc), loc), st)
              | DSequence _ => (d, st)
              | DView (s, n, s', e, c) => ((DView (s, n, s', exp (namedC, namedE) [] e, con namedC [] c), loc), st)
              | DDatabase _ => (d, st)
              | DCookie (s, n, c, s') => ((DCookie (s, n, con namedC [] c, s'), loc), st)
              | DStyle (s, n, s') => ((DStyle (s, n, s'), loc), st)

        val (file, _) = ListUtil.foldlMap doDecl (IM.empty, IM.empty) file
    in
        file
    end

end