(* Copyright (c) 2008, Adam Chlipala
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * - The names of contributors may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *)

(* Simplify a Mono program algebraically *)

structure MonoReduce :> MONO_REDUCE = struct

open Mono

structure E = MonoEnv
structure U = MonoUtil


fun impure (e, _) =
    case e of
        EWrite _ => true
      | EQuery _ => true
      | EDml _ => true
      | ENextval _ => true
      | EAbs _ => false

      | EPrim _ => false
      | ERel _ => false
      | ENamed _ => false
      | ECon (_, _, eo) => (case eo of NONE => false | SOME e => impure e)
      | ENone _ => false
      | ESome (_, e) => impure e
      | EFfi _ => false
      | EFfiApp _ => false
      | EApp ((EFfi _, _), _) => false
      | EApp _ => true

      | ERecord xes => List.exists (fn (_, e, _) => impure e) xes
      | EField (e, _) => impure e

      | ECase (e, pes, _) => impure e orelse List.exists (fn (_, e) => impure e) pes

      | EError (e, _) => impure e

      | EStrcat (e1, e2) => impure e1 orelse impure e2

      | ESeq (e1, e2) => impure e1 orelse impure e2
      | ELet (_, _, e1, e2) => impure e1 orelse impure e2

      | EClosure (_, es) => List.exists impure es


val liftExpInExp = Monoize.liftExpInExp

val subExpInExp' =
    U.Exp.mapB {typ = fn t => t,
                exp = fn (xn, rep) => fn e =>
                                  case e of
                                      ERel xn' =>
                                      (case Int.compare (xn', xn) of
                                           EQUAL => #1 rep
                                         | GREATER=> ERel (xn' - 1)
                                         | LESS => e)
                                    | _ => e,
                bind = fn ((xn, rep), U.Exp.RelE _) => (xn+1, liftExpInExp 0 rep)
                        | (ctx, _) => ctx}

fun subExpInExp (n, e1) e2 =
    let
        val r = subExpInExp' (n, e1) e2
    in
        (*Print.prefaces "subExpInExp" [("e1", MonoPrint.p_exp MonoEnv.empty e1),
                                      ("e2", MonoPrint.p_exp MonoEnv.empty e2),
                                      ("r", MonoPrint.p_exp MonoEnv.empty r)];*)
        r
    end

fun typ c = c

val swapExpVars =
    U.Exp.mapB {typ = fn t => t,
                exp = fn lower => fn e =>
                                     case e of
                                         ERel xn =>
                                         if xn = lower then
                                             ERel (lower + 1)
                                         else if xn = lower + 1 then
                                             ERel lower
                                         else
                                             e
                                       | _ => e,
                bind = fn (lower, U.Exp.RelE _) => lower+1
                        | (lower, _) => lower}

val swapExpVarsPat =
    U.Exp.mapB {typ = fn t => t,
                exp = fn (lower, len) => fn e =>
                                     case e of
                                         ERel xn =>
                                         if xn = lower then
                                             ERel (lower + 1)
                                         else if xn >= lower + 1 andalso xn < lower + 1 + len then
                                             ERel (xn - 1)
                                         else
                                             e
                                       | _ => e,
                bind = fn ((lower, len), U.Exp.RelE _) => (lower+1, len)
                        | (st, _) => st}

datatype result = Yes of E.env | No | Maybe

fun match (env, p : pat, e : exp) =
    case (#1 p, #1 e) of
        (PWild, _) => Yes env
      | (PVar (x, t), _) => Yes (E.pushERel env x t (SOME e))

      | (PPrim (Prim.String s), EStrcat ((EPrim (Prim.String s'), _), _)) =>
        if String.isPrefix s' s then
            Maybe
        else
            No

      | (PPrim p, EPrim p') =>
        if Prim.equal (p, p') then
            Yes env
        else
            No

      | (PCon (_, PConVar n1, NONE), ECon (_, PConVar n2, NONE)) =>
        if n1 = n2 then
            Yes env
        else
            No

      | (PCon (_, PConVar n1, SOME p), ECon (_, PConVar n2, SOME e)) =>
        if n1 = n2 then
            match (env, p, e)
        else
            No

      | (PCon (_, PConFfi {mod = m1, con = con1, ...}, NONE), ECon (_, PConFfi {mod = m2, con = con2, ...}, NONE)) =>
        if m1 = m2 andalso con1 = con2 then
            Yes env
        else
            No

      | (PCon (_, PConFfi {mod = m1, con = con1, ...}, SOME ep), ECon (_, PConFfi {mod = m2, con = con2, ...}, SOME e)) =>
        if m1 = m2 andalso con1 = con2 then
            match (env, p, e)
        else
            No

      | (PRecord xps, ERecord xes) =>
        let
            fun consider (xps, env) =
                case xps of
                    [] => Yes env
                  | (x, p, _) :: rest =>
                    case List.find (fn (x', _, _) => x' = x) xes of
                        NONE => No
                      | SOME (_, e, _) =>
                        case match (env, p, e) of
                            No => No
                          | Maybe => Maybe
                          | Yes env => consider (rest, env)
        in
            consider (xps, env)
        end

      | _ => Maybe

datatype event =
         WritePage
       | ReadDb
       | WriteDb
       | UseRel of int
       | Unsure

fun p_event e =
    let
        open Print.PD
    in
        case e of
            WritePage => string "WritePage"
          | ReadDb => string "ReadDb"
          | WriteDb => string "WriteDb"
          | UseRel n => string ("UseRel" ^ Int.toString n)
          | Unsure => string "Unsure"
    end

fun patBinds (p, _) =
    case p of
        PWild => 0
      | PVar _ => 1
      | PPrim _ => 0
      | PCon (_, _, NONE) => 0
      | PCon (_, _, SOME p) => patBinds p
      | PRecord xpts => foldl (fn ((_, p, _), n) => n + patBinds p) 0 xpts
      | PNone _ => 0
      | PSome (_, p) => patBinds p

fun summarize d (e, _) =
    case e of
        EPrim _ => []
      | ERel n => if n >= d then [UseRel (n - d)] else []
      | ENamed _ => []
      | ECon (_, _, NONE) => []
      | ECon (_, _, SOME e) => summarize d e
      | ENone _ => []
      | ESome (_, e) => summarize d e
      | EFfi _ => []
      | EFfiApp (_, _, es) => List.concat (map (summarize d) es)
      | EApp ((EFfi _, _), e) => summarize d e
      | EApp _ => [Unsure]
      | EAbs _ => []

      | ERecord xets => List.concat (map (summarize d o #2) xets)
      | EField (e, _) => summarize d e

      | ECase (e, pes, _) =>
        let
            val lss = map (fn (p, e) => summarize (d + patBinds p) e) pes
        in
            case lss of
                [] => raise Fail "Empty pattern match"
              | ls :: lss =>
                if List.all (fn ls' => ls' = ls) lss then
                    summarize d e @ ls
                else
                    [Unsure]
        end
      | EStrcat (e1, e2) => summarize d e1 @ summarize d e2

      | EError (e, _) => summarize d e @ [Unsure]

      | EWrite e => summarize d e @ [WritePage]
        
      | ESeq (e1, e2) => summarize d e1 @ summarize d e2
      | ELet (_, _, e1, e2) => summarize d e1 @ summarize (d + 1) e2

      | EClosure (_, es) => List.concat (map (summarize d) es)

      | EQuery {query, body, initial, ...} =>
        List.concat [summarize d query,
                     summarize (d + 2) body,
                     summarize d initial,
                     [ReadDb]]

      | EDml e => summarize d e @ [WriteDb]
      | ENextval e => summarize d e @ [WriteDb]

fun exp env e =
    case e of
        ERel n =>
        (case E.lookupERel env n of
             (_, _, SOME e') => #1 e'
           | _ => e)
      | ENamed n =>
        (case E.lookupENamed env n of
             (_, _, SOME e', _) => #1 e'
           | _ => e)

      | EApp ((EAbs (x, t, _, e1), loc), e2) =>
        ((*Print.prefaces "Considering" [("e1", MonoPrint.p_exp env e1),
                                       ("e2", MonoPrint.p_exp env e2)];*)
        if impure e2 then
            #1 (reduceExp env (ELet (x, t, e2, e1), loc))
        else
            #1 (reduceExp env (subExpInExp (0, e2) e1)))

      | ECase (e', pes, {disc, result}) =>
        let
            fun push () =
                case result of
                    (TFun (dom, result), loc) =>
                    if List.all (fn (_, (EAbs _, _)) => true | _ => false) pes then
                        EAbs ("_", dom, result,
                              (ECase (liftExpInExp 0 e',
                                      map (fn (p, (EAbs (_, _, _, e), _)) =>
                                              (p, swapExpVarsPat (0, patBinds p) e)
                                            | _ => raise Fail "MonoReduce ECase") pes,
                                      {disc = disc, result = result}), loc))
                    else
                        e
                  | _ => e

            fun search pes =
                case pes of
                    [] => push ()
                  | (p, body) :: pes =>
                    case match (env, p, e') of
                        No => search pes
                      | Maybe => push ()
                      | Yes env => #1 (reduceExp env body)
        in
            search pes
        end

      | EField ((ERecord xes, _), x) =>
        (case List.find (fn (x', _, _) => x' = x) xes of
             SOME (_, e, _) => #1 e
           | NONE => e)

      | ELet (x1, t1, (ELet (x2, t2, e1, b1), loc), b2) =>
        let
            val e' = (ELet (x2, t2, e1,
                            (ELet (x1, t1, b1,
                                   liftExpInExp 1 b2), loc)), loc)
        in
            (*Print.prefaces "ELet commute" [("e", MonoPrint.p_exp env (e, loc)),
                                           ("e'", MonoPrint.p_exp env e')];*)
            #1 (reduceExp env e')
        end
      | EApp ((ELet (x, t, e, b), loc), e') =>
        #1 (reduceExp env (ELet (x, t, e,
                                 (EApp (b, liftExpInExp 0 e'), loc)), loc))

      | ELet (x, t, e, (EAbs (x', t' as (TRecord [], _), ran, e'), loc)) =>
        EAbs (x', t', ran, (ELet (x, t, liftExpInExp 0 e, swapExpVars 0 e'), loc))

      | ELet (x, t, e', b) =>
        if impure e' then
            let
                val effs_e' = summarize 0 e'
                val effs_b = summarize 0 b

                fun does eff = List.exists (fn eff' => eff' = eff) effs_e'
                val writesPage = does WritePage
                val readsDb = does ReadDb
                val writesDb = does WriteDb

                fun verifyUnused eff =
                    case eff of
                        UseRel r => r <> 0
                      | Unsure => false
                      | _ => true

                fun verifyCompatible effs =
                    case effs of
                        [] => false
                      | eff :: effs =>
                        case eff of
                            Unsure => false
                          | UseRel r =>
                            if r = 0 then
                                List.all verifyUnused effs
                            else
                                verifyCompatible effs
                          | WritePage => not writesPage andalso verifyCompatible effs
                          | ReadDb => not writesDb andalso verifyCompatible effs
                          | WriteDb => not writesDb andalso not readsDb andalso verifyCompatible effs
            in
                (*Print.prefaces "verifyCompatible"
                [("e'", MonoPrint.p_exp env e'),
                 ("b", MonoPrint.p_exp (E.pushERel env x t NONE) b),
                 ("effs_e'", Print.p_list p_event effs_e'),
                 ("effs_b", Print.p_list p_event effs_b)];*)
                if verifyCompatible effs_b then
                    #1 (reduceExp env (subExpInExp (0, e') b))
                else
                    e
            end
        else
            #1 (reduceExp env (subExpInExp (0, e') b))

      | EStrcat ((EPrim (Prim.String s1), _), (EPrim (Prim.String s2), _)) =>
        EPrim (Prim.String (s1 ^ s2))

      | _ => e

and bind (env, b) =
    case b of
        U.Decl.Datatype (x, n, xncs) => E.pushDatatype env x n xncs
      | U.Decl.RelE (x, t) => E.pushERel env x t NONE
      | U.Decl.NamedE (x, n, t, eo, s) => E.pushENamed env x n t (Option.map (reduceExp env) eo) s

and reduceExp env = U.Exp.mapB {typ = typ, exp = exp, bind = bind} env

fun decl env d = d

val reduce = U.File.mapB {typ = typ, exp = exp, decl = decl, bind = bind} E.empty

end