Mercurial > urweb
view lib/js/urweb.js @ 1399:898dc978c39d
Remove more files on uninstall
author | Adam Chlipala <adam@chlipala.net> |
---|---|
date | Sun, 16 Jan 2011 11:10:33 -0500 |
parents | 449a12b82db7 |
children | 36f7d1debb37 |
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// Detect browser quirks that we should be aware of. function needsDynPrefix() { var span = document.createElement("span"); span.innerHTML = "<script>alert('test');</script>"; var scripts = span.getElementsByTagName("script"); return scripts.length == 0; } var dynPrefix = needsDynPrefix() ? "<span style=\"display:none\">A</span>" : ""; // Function versions of operators function not(x) { return !x; } function neg(x) { return -x; } function eq(x, y) { return x == y; } function plus(x, y) { return x + y; } function minus(x, y) { return x - y; } function times(x, y) { return x * y; } function div(x, y) { return x / y; } function divInt(x, y) { var n = x / y; return n < 0 ? Math.ceil(n) : Math.floor(n); } function mod(x, y) { return x % y; } function modInt(x, y) { var n = x % y; return n < 0 ? Math.ceil(n) : Math.floor(n); } function lt(x, y) { return x < y; } function le(x, y) { return x <= y; } // Characters function isLower(c) { return c >= 'a' && c <= 'z'; } function isUpper(c) { return c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'; } function isAlpha(c) { return isLower(c) || isUpper(c); } function isDigit(c) { return c >= '0' && c <= '9'; } function isAlnum(c) { return isAlpha(c) || isDigit(c); } function isBlank(c) { return c == ' ' || c == '\t'; } function isSpace(c) { return isBlank(c) || c == '\r' || c == '\n'; } function isXdigit(c) { return isDigit(c) || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F'); } function toLower(c) { return c.toLowerCase(); } function toUpper(c) { return c.toUpperCase(); } // Lists function cons(v, ls) { return { next : ls, data : v }; } function rev(ls) { var acc = null; for (; ls; ls = ls.next) acc = cons(ls.data, acc); return acc; } function concat(ls1, ls2) { var acc = ls2; ls1 = rev(ls1); for (; ls1; ls1 = ls1.next) acc = cons(ls1.data, acc); return acc; } function member(x, ls) { for (; ls; ls = ls.next) if (ls.data == x) return true; return false; } function remove(x, ls) { var acc = null; for (; ls; ls = ls.next) if (ls.data == x) return concat(acc, ls.next); else acc = cons(ls.data, acc); return ls; } function union(ls1, ls2) { var acc = ls2; for (; ls1; ls1 = ls1.next) if (!member(ls1.data, ls2)) acc = cons(ls1.data, acc); return acc; } function length(ls) { var acc = 0; for (; ls; ls = ls.next) ++acc; return acc; } // Error handling function whine(msg) { alert(msg); throw msg; } function pf(loc) { throw ("Pattern match failure (" + loc + ")"); } function runHandlers(kind, ls, arg) { if (ls == null) alert(kind + ": " + arg); for (; ls; ls = ls.next) try { exec({c:"a", f:{c:"a", f:ls.data, x:{c:"c", v:arg}}, x:{c:"c", v:null}}); } catch (v) { } } var errorHandlers = null; function onError(f) { errorHandlers = cons(f, errorHandlers); } function er(s) { runHandlers("Error", errorHandlers, s); throw {uw_error: s}; } var failHandlers = null; function onFail(f) { failHandlers = cons(f, failHandlers); } function doExn(v) { if (v == null || v.uw_error == null) { var s = (v == null ? "null" : v.message ? v.message : v.toString()); if (v != null && v.fileName && v.lineNumber) s += " (" + v.fileName + ":" + v.lineNumber + ")"; runHandlers("Fail", failHandlers, s); } } var disconnectHandlers = null; function flift(f) { return {env:cons(f,null), body:{c:"v", n:1}}; } function onDisconnect(f) { disconnectHandlers = cons(flift(f), disconnectHandlers); } function discon() { runHandlers("Disconnect", disconnectHandlers, null); } var connectHandlers = null; function onConnectFail(f) { connectHandlers = cons(flift(f), connectHandlers); } function conn() { runHandlers("Connect", connectHandlers, null); } var serverHandlers = null; function onServerError(f) { serverHandlers = cons(f, serverHandlers); } function servErr(s) { window.setTimeout(function () { runHandlers("Server", serverHandlers, s); }, 0); } // Embedding closures in XML strings function cs(f) { return {closure: f}; } function isWeird(v) { return v.closure != null || v.cat1 != null; } function cat(s1, s2) { if (isWeird(s1) || isWeird(s2)) return {cat1: s1, cat2: s2}; else return s1 + s2; } var closures = []; var freeClosures = null; function newClosure(f) { var n; if (freeClosures == null) { n = closures.length; } else { n = freeClosures.data; freeClosures = freeClosures.next; } closures[n] = f; return n; } function freeClosure(n) { closures[n] = null; freeClosures = cons(n, freeClosures); } function cr(n) { return closures[n]; } function flatten(cls, tr) { if (tr.cat1 != null) return flatten(cls, tr.cat1) + flatten(cls, tr.cat2); else if (tr.closure != null) { var cl = newClosure(tr.closure); cls.v = cons(cl, cls.v); return "cr(" + cl + ")"; } else return tr; } function flattenLocal(s) { var cls = {v : null}; var r = flatten(cls, s); for (cl = cls.v; cl != null; cl = cl.next) freeClosure(cl.data); return r; } // Dynamic tree management function populate(node) { var s = node.signal; var oldSources = node.sources; try { var sr = execF(s, null); var newSources = sr._sources; for (var sp = oldSources; sp; sp = sp.next) if (!member(sp.data, newSources)) sp.data.dyns = remove(node, sp.data.dyns); for (var sp = newSources; sp; sp = sp.next) if (!member(sp.data, oldSources)) sp.data.dyns = cons(node, sp.data.dyns); node.sources = newSources; node.recreate(sr._data); } catch (v) { doExn(v); } } function sc(v) { return {data : v, dyns : null}; } function sv(s, v) { s.data = v; for (var ls = s.dyns; ls; ls = ls.next) if (!ls.dead) populate(ls.data); } function sg(s) { return s.data; } function ss(s) { return {env:cons(s, null), body:{c:"r", l: cons({n:"sources", v:{c:"c", v:cons(s, null)}}, cons({n:"data", v:{c:"f", f:sg, a:cons({c:"v", n:1}, null)}}, null))}}; } function sr(v) { return {env:null, body:{c:"c", v:{_sources : null, _data : v}}}; } function sb(x,y) { return {env:cons(y,cons(x,null)), body:{c:"=", e1:{c:"a", f:{c:"v", n:2}, x:{c:"c", v:null}}, e2:{c:"=", e1:{c:"a", f:{c:"a", f:{c:"v", n:2}, x:{c:".", r:{c:"v", n:0}, f:"data"}}, x:{c:"c", v:null}}, e2:{c:"r", l:cons( {n:"sources", v:{c:"f", f:union, a:cons({c:".", r:{c:"v", n:1}, f:"sources"}, cons({c:".", r:{c:"v", n:0}, f:"sources"}, null))}}, cons({n:"data", v:{c:".", r:{c:"v", n:0}, f:"data"}}, null))}}}}; } function scur(s) { return execF(s, null)._data; } function lastParent() { var pos = document.body; while (pos.lastChild && pos.lastChild.nodeType == 1) pos = pos.lastChild; pos = pos.parentNode; return pos; } function parent() { return thisScript ? thisScript.parentNode : lastParent(); } function addNode(node) { if (thisScript) thisScript.parentNode.replaceChild(node, thisScript); else lastParent().appendChild(node); } var thisScript = null; function runScripts(node) { if (node.getElementsByTagName) { var savedScript = thisScript; var scripts = node.getElementsByTagName("script"), scriptsCopy = []; var len = scripts.length; for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) scriptsCopy[i] = scripts[i]; for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) { thisScript = scriptsCopy[i]; try { eval(thisScript.text); } catch (v) { doExn(v); } if (thisScript.parentNode) thisScript.parentNode.removeChild(thisScript); } thisScript = savedScript; } } // Dynamic tree entry points function killScript(scr) { scr.dead = true; for (var ls = scr.sources; ls; ls = ls.next) ls.data.dyns = remove(scr, ls.data.dyns); for (var ls = scr.closures; ls; ls = ls.next) freeClosure(ls.data); } function dyn(pnode, s) { var x = document.createElement("script"); x.dead = false; x.signal = s; x.sources = null; x.closures = null; var firstChild = null; x.recreate = function(v) { for (var ls = x.closures; ls; ls = ls.next) freeClosure(ls.data); var next; for (var child = firstChild; child && child != x; child = next) { next = child.nextSibling; killScript(child); if (child.getElementsByTagName) { var arr = child.getElementsByTagName("script"); for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; ++i) killScript(arr[i]); } if (child.parentNode) child.parentNode.removeChild(child); } var cls = {v : null}; var html = flatten(cls, v); if (pnode != "table" && pnode != "tr") html = dynPrefix + html; x.closures = cls.v; if (pnode == "table") { var dummy = document.createElement("body"); dummy.innerHTML = "<table>" + html + "</table>"; runScripts(dummy); var table = x.parentNode; if (table) { firstChild = null; var tbody; var arr = dummy.getElementsByTagName("tbody"); var tbody; if (arr.length > 0 && arr[0].parentNode == dummy.firstChild) { tbody = arr[0]; var next; for (var node = dummy.firstChild.firstChild; node; node = next) { next = node.nextSibling; if (node.tagName != "TBODY") tbody.appendChild(node); } } else tbody = dummy.firstChild; var next; firstChild = document.createElement("script"); table.insertBefore(firstChild, x); for (var node = tbody.firstChild; node; node = next) { next = node.nextSibling; table.insertBefore(node, x); } } } else if (pnode == "tr") { var dummy = document.createElement("body"); dummy.innerHTML = "<table><tr>" + html + "</tr></table>"; runScripts(dummy); var table = x.parentNode; if (table) { var arr = dummy.getElementsByTagName("tr"); firstChild = null; var tr; if (arr.length > 0 && table != null) tr = arr[0]; else tr = dummy.firstChild; var next; firstChild = document.createElement("script"); table.insertBefore(firstChild, x); for (var node = tr.firstChild; node; node = next) { next = node.nextSibling; table.insertBefore(node, x); } } } else { firstChild = document.createElement("span"); firstChild.innerHTML = html; runScripts(firstChild); if (x.parentNode) x.parentNode.insertBefore(firstChild, x); } }; addNode(x); populate(x); } function input(x, s, recreate, type) { if (type) x.type = type; x.dead = false; x.signal = ss(s); x.sources = null; x.recreate = recreate(x); addNode(x); populate(x); return x; } function inp(s) { var x = input(document.createElement("input"), s, function(x) { return function(v) { if (x.value != v) x.value = v; }; }); x.value = s.data; x.onkeyup = function() { sv(s, x.value) }; return x; } function sel(s, content) { var dummy = document.createElement("span"); dummy.innerHTML = "<select>" + content + "</select>"; var x = input(dummy.firstChild, s, function(x) { return function(v) { if (x.value != v) x.value = v; }; }); x.value = s.data; if (x.value != s.data) sv(s, x.value); x.onchange = function() { sv(s, x.value) }; return x; } function chk(s) { var x = input(document.createElement("input"), s, function(x) { return function(v) { if (x.checked != v) x.checked = v; }; }, "checkbox"); x.defaultChecked = x.checked = s.data; x.onclick = function() { sv(s, x.checked) }; return x; } function tbx(s) { var x = input(document.createElement("textarea"), s, function(x) { return function(v) { if (x.innerHTML != v) x.innerHTML = v; }; }); x.innerHTML = s.data; x.onkeyup = function() { sv(s, x.value) }; return x; } function addOnChange(x, f) { var old = x.onchange; if (old == null) x.onchange = f; else x.onchange = function() { old(); f(); }; } function addOnKeyUp(x, f) { var old = x.onkeyup; if (old == null) x.onkeyup = f; else x.onkeyup = function(x) { old(x); f(x); }; } // Basic string operations function eh(x) { if (x == null) return "NULL"; else return x.split("&").join("&").split("<").join("<").split(">").join(">"); } function ts(x) { return x.toString() } function bs(b) { return (b ? "True" : "False") } function id(x) { return x; } function sub(s, i) { return s.charAt(i); } function suf(s, i) { return s.substring(i); } function slen(s) { return s.length; } function sidx(s, ch) { var r = s.indexOf(ch); if (r == -1) return null; else return r; } function sspn(s, chs) { for (var i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) if (chs.indexOf(s.charAt(i)) != -1) return i; return null; } function schr(s, ch) { var r = s.indexOf(ch); if (r == -1) return null; else return s.substring(r); } function ssub(s, start, len) { return s.substring(start, start+len); } function pi(s) { var r = parseInt(s); if (r.toString() == s) return r; else er("Can't parse int: " + s); } function pfl(s) { var r = parseFloat(s); if (r.toString() == s) return r; else er("Can't parse float: " + s); } function pio(s) { var r = parseInt(s); if (r.toString() == s) return r; else return null; } function pflo(s) { var r = parseFloat(s); if (r.toString() == s) return r; else return null; } function uf(s) { if (s.length == 0) return "_"; s = s.replace(new RegExp ("\\.", "g"), ".2E"); return (s.charAt(0) == '_' ? "_" : "") + encodeURIComponent(s).replace(new RegExp ("%", "g"), "."); } function uu(s) { if (s.length > 0 && s.charAt(0) == '_') { s = s.substring(1); } else if (s.length >= 3 && (s.charAt(0) == '%' || s.charAt(0) == '.') && s.charAt(1) == '5' && (s.charAt(2) == 'f' || s.charAt(2) == 'F')) s = s.substring(3); s = s.replace(new RegExp ("\\+", "g"), " "); s = s.replace(new RegExp ("\\.", "g"), "%"); return decodeURIComponent(s); } function atr(s) { return s.replace(new RegExp ("\"", "g"), """).replace(new RegExp ("&", "g"), "&") } function ub(b) { return b ? "1" : "0"; } function uul(getToken, getData) { var tok = getToken(); if (tok == "Nil") { return null; } else if (tok == "Cons") { var d = getData(); var l = uul(getToken, getData); return {_1:d, _2:l}; } else whine("Can't unmarshal list (" + tok + ")"); } function strcmp(str1, str2) { return ((str1 == str2) ? 0 : ((str1 > str2) ? 1 : -1)); } // Remote calls var client_id = null; var client_pass = 0; var url_prefix = "/"; var timeout = 60; function getXHR(uri) { try { return new XMLHttpRequest(); } catch (e) { try { return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e) { try { return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e) { whine("Your browser doesn't seem to support AJAX."); } } } } var sig = null; var unloading = false, inFlight = null; function unload() { unloading = true; for (; inFlight; inFlight = inFlight.next) { inFlight.data.abort(); } } function requestUri(xhr, uri, needsSig) { if (unloading) return; xhr.open("POST", uri, true); xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "text/plain"); xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-length", "0"); xhr.setRequestHeader("Connection", "close"); if (client_id != null) { xhr.setRequestHeader("UrWeb-Client", client_id.toString()); xhr.setRequestHeader("UrWeb-Pass", client_pass.toString()); } if (needsSig) { if (sig == null) whine("Missing cookie signature!"); xhr.setRequestHeader("UrWeb-Sig", sig); } inFlight = cons(xhr, inFlight); xhr.send(null); } function xhrFinished(xhr) { xhr.abort(); inFlight = remove(xhr, inFlight); } function unurlify(parse, s) { return parse(s); } function redirect(s) { window.location = s; } function rc(prefix, uri, parse, k, needsSig) { uri = cat(prefix, uri); uri = flattenLocal(uri); var xhr = getXHR(); xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { if (xhr.readyState == 4) { var isok = false; try { if (xhr.status == 200) isok = true; } catch (e) { } if (isok) { try { k(parse(xhr.responseText)); } catch (v) { doExn(v); } } else { conn(); } xhrFinished(xhr); } }; requestUri(xhr, uri, needsSig); } function path_join(s1, s2) { if (s1.length > 0 && s1.charAt(s1.length-1) == '/') return s1 + s2; else return s1 + "/" + s2; } var channels = []; function newQueue() { return { front : null, back : null }; } function enqueue(q, v) { if (q.front == null) { q.front = cons(v, null); q.back = q.front; } else { var node = cons(v, null); q.back.next = node; q.back = node; } } function dequeue(q) { if (q.front == null) return null; else { var r = q.front.data; q.front = q.front.next; if (q.front == null) q.back = null; return r; } } function newChannel() { return { msgs : newQueue(), listeners : newQueue() }; } function listener() { var uri = path_join(url_prefix, ".msgs"); var xhr = getXHR(); var tid, orsc, onTimeout; var connect = function () { xhr.onreadystatechange = orsc; tid = window.setTimeout(onTimeout, timeout * 500); requestUri(xhr, uri, false); } orsc = function() { if (xhr.readyState == 4) { window.clearTimeout(tid); var isok = false; try { if (xhr.status == 200) isok = true; } catch (e) { } if (isok) { var text = xhr.responseText if (text == "") return; var lines = text.split("\n"); if (lines.length < 2) { discon(); return; } for (var i = 0; i+1 < lines.length; i += 2) { var chn = lines[i]; var msg = lines[i+1]; if (chn < 0) whine("Out-of-bounds channel in message from remote server"); var ch; if (chn >= channels.length || channels[chn] == null) { ch = newChannel(); channels[chn] = ch; } else ch = channels[chn]; var listener = dequeue(ch.listeners); if (listener == null) { enqueue(ch.msgs, msg); } else { try { listener(msg); } catch (v) { doExn(v); } } } xhrFinished(xhr); connect(); } else { try { if (xhr.status != 0) servErr("Error querying remote server for messages: " + xhr.status); } catch (e) { } } } }; onTimeout = function() { xhrFinished(xhr); connect(); }; connect(); } function rv(chn, parse, k) { if (chn == null) return; if (chn < 0) whine("Out-of-bounds channel receive"); var ch; if (chn >= channels.length || channels[chn] == null) { ch = newChannel(); channels[chn] = ch; } else ch = channels[chn]; var msg = dequeue(ch.msgs); if (msg == null) { enqueue(ch.listeners, function(msg) { k(parse(msg)); }); } else { try { k(parse(msg)); } catch (v) { doExn(v); } } } function sl(ms, k) { window.setTimeout(function() { k(null); }, ms); } function sp(e) { execF(e, null); } // Key events var uw_event = null; function kc() { return window.event ? event.keyCode : (uw_event ? uw_event.keyCode : 0); } // The Ur interpreter var urfuncs = []; function lookup(env, n) { while (env != null) { if (n == 0) return env.data; else { --n; env = env.next; } } whine("Out-of-bounds Ur variable reference"); } function execP(env, p, v) { switch (p.c) { case "w": return env; case "v": return cons(v, env); case "c": if (v == p.v) return env; else return false; case "s": if (v == null) return false; else return execP(env, p.p, p.n ? v.v : v); case "1": if (v.n != p.n) return false; else return execP(env, p.p, v.v); case "r": for (var fs = p.l; fs != null; fs = fs.next) { env = execP(env, fs.data.p, v["_" + fs.data.n]); if (env == false) return false; } return env; default: whine("Unknown Ur pattern kind" + p.c); } } function exec0(env, e) { return exec1(env, null, e); } function exec1(env, stack, e) { var stack, usedK = false; var saveEnv = function() { if (stack.next != null && stack.next.data.c != "<") stack = cons({c: "<", env: env}, stack.next); else stack = stack.next; }; while (true) { switch (e.c) { case "c": var v = e.v; if (stack == null) return v; var fr = stack.data; switch (fr.c) { case "s": e = {c: "c", v: {v: v}}; stack = stack.next; break; case "1": e = {c: "c", v: {n: fr.n, v: v}}; stack = stack.next; break; case "f": fr.args[fr.pos++] = v; if (fr.a == null) { var res; stack = stack.next; if (fr.f.apply) res = fr.f.apply(null, fr.args); else if (fr.args.length == 0) res = fr.f(); else if (fr.args.length == 1) res = fr.f(fr.args[0]); else if (fr.args.length == 2) res = fr.f(fr.args[0], fr.args[1]); else if (fr.args.length == 3) res = fr.f(fr.args[0], fr.args[1], fr.args[2]); else if (fr.args.length == 4) res = fr.f(fr.args[0], fr.args[1], fr.args[2], fr.args[3]); else if (fr.args.length == 5) res = fr.f(fr.args[0], fr.args[1], fr.args[2], fr.args[3], fr.args[4]); else whine("Native function has " + fr.args.length + " args, but there is no special case for that count."); e = {c: "c", v: res}; if (usedK) return null; } else { e = fr.a.data; fr.a = fr.a.next; } break; case "a1": e = fr.x; stack = cons({c: "a2", f: v}, stack.next); break; case "a2": if (fr.f == null) whine("Ur: applying null function"); else if (fr.f.body) { saveEnv(); env = cons(v, fr.f.env); e = fr.f.body; } else { e = {c: "c", v: fr.f(v)}; stack = stack.next; } break; case "<": env = fr.env; stack = stack.next; break; case "r": fr.fs["_" + fr.n] = v; if (fr.l == null) { e = {c: "c", v: fr.fs}; stack = stack.next; } else { fr.n = fr.l.data.n; e = fr.l.data.v; fr.l = fr.l.next; } break; case ".": e = {c: "c", v: v["_" + fr.f]}; stack = stack.next; break; case ";": e = fr.e2; stack = stack.next; break; case "=": saveEnv(); env = cons(v, env); e = fr.e2; break; case "m": var ps; for (ps = fr.p; ps != null; ps = ps.next) { var r = execP(env, ps.data.p, v); if (r != false) { saveEnv(); env = r; e = ps.data.b; break; } } if (ps == null) whine("Match failure in Ur interpretation"); break; default: whine("Unknown Ur continuation kind " + fr.c); } break; case "v": e = {c: "c", v: lookup(env, e.n)}; break; case "n": var idx = e.n; e = urfuncs[idx]; if (e.c == "t") e = urfuncs[idx] = eval("(" + e.f + ")"); break; case "s": stack = cons({c: "s"}, stack); e = e.v; break; case "1": stack = cons({c: "1", n: e.n}, stack); e = e.v; break; case "f": if (e.a == null) e = {c: "c", v: (eval(e.f))()}; else { var args = []; stack = cons({c: "f", f: eval(e.f), args: args, pos: 0, a: e.a.next}, stack); if (!e.a.data.c) alert("[2] fr.f = " + e.f + "; 0 = " + e.a.data); e = e.a.data; } break; case "l": e = {c: "c", v: {env: env, body: e.b}}; break; case "a": stack = cons({c: "a1", x: e.x}, stack); e = e.f; break; case "r": if (e.l == null) whine("Empty Ur record in interpretation"); var fs = {}; stack = cons({c: "r", n: e.l.data.n, fs: fs, l: e.l.next}, stack); e = e.l.data.v; break; case ".": stack = cons({c: ".", f: e.f}, stack); e = e.r; break; case ";": stack = cons({c: ";", e2: e.e2}, stack); e = e.e1; break; case "=": stack = cons({c: "=", e2: e.e2}, stack); e = e.e1; break; case "m": stack = cons({c: "m", p: e.p}, stack); e = e.e; break; case "e": e = {c: "c", v: cs({c: "wc", env: env, body: e.e})}; break; case "wc": env = e.env; e = e.body; break; case "K": { var savedStack = stack.next, savedEnv = env; e = {c: "c", v: function(v) { return exec1(savedEnv, savedStack, {c: "c", v: v}); } };} usedK = true; break; default: whine("Unknown Ur expression kind " + e.c); } } } function execD(e) { return exec0(null, e); } function exec(e) { var r = exec0(null, e); if (r != null && r.body != null) return function(v) { return exec0(cons(v, r.env), r.body); }; else return r; } function execF(f, x) { return exec0(cons(x, f.env), f.body); } // Wrappers function confrm(s) { return confirm(s) ? true : false; } // URL blessing var urlRules = null; function checkUrl(s) { for (var r = urlRules; r; r = r.next) { var ru = r.data; if (ru.prefix ? s.indexOf(ru.pattern) == 0 : s == ru.pattern) return ru.allow ? s : null; } return null; } function bless(s) { u = checkUrl(s); if (u == null) er("Disallowed URL: " + s); return u; } // App-specific code